Titus Kaphar’s work references Ralph Earl’s 1833 painting Andrew Jackson on Sam Patch. While president, Jackson ordered The Indian Removal Act, which resulted in the Trail of Tears, the forced displacement of nearly 60,000 people resulting in mass deaths from violence, starvation, and disease. In Kaphar’s version, Jackson is obscured by strips of canvas covered with his own writings “weighing the cost” of removing Indigenous people from their lands. Begun in 2016, Kaphar created this work while considering the impact one president could have on generations of people.